The Constitution of Greece

The Constitution of Greece is the fundamental law of our country, defining the basic rights and freedoms of citizens, the organization and functioning of the state, and its relations with citizens.

Historical Evolution:

Greece adopted its first Constitution in 1822, shortly after liberation from the Ottoman Empire. It has undergone 11 revisions, with the most recent in 2022. Each revision reflects the political, social, and economic changes that have occurred in the country.

Core Principles:

The Constitution is based on core principles such as:

• The People’s Sovereignty: Power belongs to the people, who exercise it through their elected representatives.
• Rule of Law: No one is above the law, not even the state.
• Separation of Powers: Legislative, executive, and judicial powers are distinct and independent.
• Protection of Individual Rights: The fundamental rights and freedoms of citizens are protected by the Constitution.

Institutions:

The Constitution establishes the main democratic institutions, such as:

• President of the Republic: The President is the head of state and represents Greece abroad.
• Government: The Government exercises executive power and leads the administration of the country.
• Parliament: The Parliament is the legislative body of the country and passes laws.
• Judiciary: The Judiciary is independent and administers justice.

Significance of the Constitution:

The Constitution plays a crucial role in Greek democracy by:

• Ensuring the protection of individual rights and freedoms.
• Establishing the rules for the functioning of the state.
• Guaranteeing equality before the law and the equal citizenship of all individuals.
• Protecting democracy from authoritarian tendencies.

Participation in Political Life:

The Constitution guarantees citizens’ rights to participate in political life, including:

• Voting Rights: Citizens who reach the age of 17 in the election year.
• Formation of Political Parties: Citizens can establish and participate in political parties.
• Eligibility for Public Office: Citizens can run for public offices.
• Freedom of Expression: Citizens can freely express their opinions.

Citizens’ Responsibilities:

Alongside rights, the Constitution also sets out citizens’ responsibilities, such as:

• Respect for the Constitution and Laws: Citizens must respect the Constitution and laws.
• Payment of Taxes: Citizens are required to pay their taxes.
• Fulfillment of Military Duties: Male citizens must fulfill their military obligations.
• Participation in Elections: Citizens must participate in elections and vote.

Ensuring the smooth functioning of democracy and upholding the Constitution is a collective responsibility of all citizens. We must be active citizens, stay informed about public affairs, participate actively in the political life, and safeguard our fundamental rights.